小牧南　３年　ＲＥＡＤＩＮＧ　２期中間

１　次の英文を読んで、あとの問いに答えなさい。

Many people who are alive today know �@(it/to/in a world/television/without/what/

is/like/live). Television as we know it was born in the middle of the 20^th century. �AYet it’s so much a part of our lives that it seems as if it always existed.

Some people think that the years before television were a better time. They �Bclaim that families talked more and did more things together. More books were read. People used their imaginations more fully. People got more outdoor exercise.

But others disagree. They claim that television is a powerful educational tool. It informs us (�C) what �Dgoes on in the world, from a famine in Africa to a local fire. It entertains us. Television now is credited with being a great teacher. It is also blamed (�E) the poor reading and writing skills of our population. Television gets praise for helping us understand the people of the world. But it has been accused (�F) helping to destroy family life. Television keeps us �G(inform) about the political issues of the day. But �Hit can also make us lazy by giving us only “news briefs” that are too short to tell the whole story.

（１）　�@をならべかえなさい。

（２）　�A�Hを和訳しなさい。

（３）　�B�Dの同意語を選びなさい。

　　　�B a) demand b) prove c) state d) deny

�D a) behaves b) functions c) happens d) performs

（４）　�C�E�Fに入る前置詞を書きなさい。

（５）　�Gを正しい形にしなさい。

（６）　テレビがない生活の利点として考えられること４つかきなさい。

２　次の英文を読んであとの問いに答えなさい。

　　The greenhouse effect is a warming near the earth’s surface that results when the earth’s atmosphere traps the sun’s heat. �@Without this effect, the average surface temperature of the earth would be about 33℃ lower than it is.

The greenhouse effect received its name because the earth’s atmosphere acts much like the glass or plastic and heats the interior. The roof and walls slow the escape of the heat.

Similarly, the earth’s atmosphere �A(pass/it/that/the sunlight/allows/through/most of/to/reaches) and heat the earth’s surface. The earth sends the heat energy back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation. Much of this radiation does not pass freely into space, because certain gases in the atmosphere absorb it. These gases include carbon dioxide, ozone, and water vapor. They grow warm and send infrared radiation back toward the earth, adding (�B) the warming at the surface.

The amount of ( ア) in the (イ) is increasing, chiefly because (�C) the burning of the �D fossil fuel. The destruction of ( ウ ), which absorb the gas, is also increasing the carbon dioxide ( エ　). Other gases �E(release) into the atmosphere in growing (オ) include chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and nitrous oxide. These gases could intensify the climate-changing ( カ ) of the atmosphere.

（１）　下線部�@と同じ内容となるように（　　）に適当な語を書きなさい。

　　　If ( )( )( )( ) this effect

（２）　“greenhouse effect”の定義を本文に即して答えなさい。

（３）　�Aをならべかえなさい。

（４）　�B�Cに入る前置詞を書きなさい。

（５）　�Dの具体例を３つ英語で書きなさい。

（６）　�Eを正しい形にしなさい。（２語）

（７）　ア〜カに入る語を下から選び記号で答えなさい。

　　　　a) level b) forests c) effect d) atmosphere e) amounts f) carbon dioxide

（８）　次の問いに英語で答えなさい。

　　　 1. Why did people start using the name of “greenhouse effect”?

2. Why doesn’t a lot of infrared radiation reach into space?

３　次の英文を読んであとの問いに答えなさい。

　　All through his school days Sparky was �@awkward socially. He was not actually disliked by the other students; no one cared that much. �A(to him/ a classmate/he/hello/

was/if/ever said/astonished) outside of school hours. �B(no/tell/he/at/done/have/dating/

how/there’s/way/might/to). Sparky never once asked a girl to go out in high school. �C(

彼は断られることを怖れすぎていた。)

However, one thing was important to Sparky−drawing. He was proud of his artwork. Of course, no one else �Dappreciated it. In his senior year of high school, he �Esubmitted some cartoons to the editors of the yearbook. The cartoons were �Fturned down. �GDespite this particular rejection, Sparky was �H(his ability/so/of/convinced/to/

he/a professional/decided/that/become/artist).

（１）�@�D�E�F�Gの同意語を選びなさい。

　　　�@　a) carefree b) comfortable c) ugly d) clumsy

�D　a) understand the value of b) neglect the value of c) discard the value of

d) ascertain the value of

　　�E　a) turned up b) turned down c) handed down d) handed in

�F　a) returned b) rewarded c) rejected d) resolved

�G a) Due to b) In spite of c) Instead of d) in the course of

（２）　�A�B�Hを並べ替えなさい。

（３）　�Cを英語にしなさい。

４　次の英文を読んで、あとの問いに答えなさい。

　　Different part of our body conduct heat differently. �@This can be easily proved. An object that is too hot to be touched for more than a second with our hands or lips can be in contact with a fingernail for some time. �AThat is because a fingernail is a poor conductor of heat and the heat only reaches the sensitive layer under the nail gradually.

Hair and feathers �Bare made up of materials similar to nails. They, too, are poor conductors of heat and so a very good protection against cold. �CBesides �Dthis feature, they keep a layer of air underneath. So �E(goose), hares, and even bears in Siberia do not need special winter coats. �FNature has given them warm coats. �GHumans, having only a very small amount of natural hair, have hunted birds and animals for their feathers and fur since ancient times, and we still use feather bedcovers and wool blankets.

（１）　下線部�@�A�Dの内容を日本語で説明しなさい。

（２）　�Bの同意語を２語の英語で書きなさい。

（３）　�Cの同意語を３語の英語で書きなさい。

（４）　�Eを複数形にしなさい。

（５）　�Fを受動態にしなさい。

（６）　�Gを和訳しなさい。

５　次の英文を読んで、あとの問いに答えなさい。

　　�@You might not see decisions such as whether to watch TV or read a book, go on a date to the mountains or to the beach, or to come to class or stay home and sleep as being economic decisions. But �A(実際には) �B(every/make/we/almost/decision/is), basically, an economic decision.

That’s because of an economic idea �C(call) scarcity, (�D) means that �Ethere is not enough of what we need to make or do all the things we would like to make or do. �F(we/try/as/as/might/hard), it really impossible to have our cake and eat it too. Thus when we choose one thing ”A,” we must give up something else “B.” �GTo put it another way, the cost of “A” is “B.” If you want to watch TV, you must give up �H(read) the book. Similarly, �Ia trip to the mountains costs you a trip to the beach. Most people don’t usually think of cost in this way. It’s simply the case that they want to watch the Friday night movie on TV, or they like the mountains so that’s (�J) they want to go. But to an economist it’s a very different �Kpicture. Economics is about people and the choices that they make. Or, more exactly, about the cost of one choice over another.

�LAs simple as all this might seem, this is one of the hardest concepts for students of economics (and many economists themselves) to fully understand.

（１）　�@�E�I�Lを和訳しなさい。

（２）　�Aを５語の英語にしなさい。

（３）　�B�Fをならべかえなさい。

（４）　�C�Hを正しい形にしなさい。

（５）　�D�Jに入る関係詞を書きなさい。

（６）　�G�Kを別の英語で置き換えたものを選びなさい。

　　　�G a) In short b) In other words c) Finally d) In the long run

�K a) a state of affairs b) an image in the mind c) a cinema film d) a drawing

（解答）

1 (1) what it is like to live in a world without television (2) �AしかしＴＶは私たちの生活のあまりに多くを占めているので、まるでそれが常に存在してるかのように思える。�Hあまりに短すぎて全体の話を伝えることができないようなニュースの要約のみを私たちに伝えるので、私たちはまたＴＶのせいで怠惰になる可能性がある。(3) �B c �D c （４）�Cof　�Efor �Fof （５）informed (6) １家族の会話や行事が増える。　２より多くの読書が可能　３想像力が今以上に使える　４野外での運動が増える

２　(1) it were not for (2) 地球の大気が太陽の熱をとらえたときに起こる地表近くが暖まる現象　（３）allows most of the sunlight that reaches it to pass through (4) �B to �Cof (5) coal, oil, natural gas (6) being released (7) アf イd ウb エa オe カc (8) 1 Because the earth’s atmosphere acts much like the glass or plastic and heats interior. 2 Because certain gases in the atmosphere absorb it.

３　(1) �@d �Da �Ed �Fc �Gb (2) �AIf a classmate ever said hello to him, he was astonished �B There’s no way to tell how he might have done at dating �C so convinced of his ability that he decided to become a professional artist. (3) He was too afraid of being turned down.

４（１）�@体の部位で熱の伝わり方が異なること　�A手やくちびるでは１秒以上触ることができないものでも指のつめなら少しの間触れることができること　�D毛皮が熱を伝えにくいため寒さに強いこと　(2) consist of (3) In addition to (4) geese (5) They have been given warm coats by nature. (6) 人間はごく少量の毛しかもっていないので、古代から毛皮のために取りや動物を狩った。そして私たちは今なお毛皮のベッドカバーや羊毛の毛布をつかっている。

５　�@あなたはＴＶを見るか本を読むか、デートに山へ行くか海に行くか、または授業にでるか家にいて寝るかのような決定を経済的な決定とは見なさないでしょう。�E私たちがしたいことのすべてをするために必要なものが十分にない。　�I山へ行くなら海には行けない。　�Lこのすべては単純だと思うかもしれないが、このことは経済を学ぶ生徒（そして多くの経済学者も）十分に理解しなくてはならない最も難しい考えの一つなのです。

（２）　as a matter of fact (3) �Balmost every decision we make �F　As hard as we might try (4) �Ccalled �Hreading (5) �Dwhich �Jwhere (6) �Gb �Kｂ

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